
Key takeaways
- The short answer: private equity lenders are direct lenders and credit funds that finance buyouts. Golub Capital, Antares Capital, Churchill, Blue Owl and HPS are among the best known in the US; Arcmont, Hayfin and Pemberton in Europe. Private Equity List lists 60 of them.
- Where they are: 40 are in the US and 9 in the UK. Six more sit in continental Europe, five in Canada, Australia and Asia.
- What unitranche costs: SOFR + 450–525 bps for companies with $20–100M of EBITDA, and SOFR + 500–550 bps below $20M, according to Houlihan Lokey's October 2025 survey.
- Prices are falling: the median spread on new direct loans fell from 716 bps in March 2023 to 544 bps at the end of 2025, per McKinsey.
- New money: Ares Capital Europe VI, recorded at about $18B, is the largest lending fund these firms launched in 2025–2026. Crestline, Crescent, Apera and Capital Four each have a 2025 fund of $3B or more.
- Why unitranche: one loan replaces senior and junior debt. Lenders go to 5.25–6.25x EBITDA with it, against 3.75–4.75x for a first lien loan alone.
| $100M+ | 21 | 36.8% |
|---|---|---|
| $10–50M | 18 | 31.6% |
| $50–100M | 16 | 28.1% |
| $5–10M | 2 | 3.5% |
Source: Private Equity List database
One lender each: Denmark,
Spain,
Poland,
France,
Australia,
India and
Hong Kong.
What a private equity lender does: sponsor finance and unitranche
Private equity lender: a credit fund or bank that lends to companies bought by private equity firms. The industry calls it sponsor finance, because the private equity firm is the deal's sponsor.
What the loan pays for: the buyout itself, add-on acquisitions, refinancing and growth. Pemberton, for example, finances buyouts, growth and add-ons across Europe.
Unitranche: one loan in place of a senior loan plus a junior loan, with one price and one set of terms. Golub Capital is known for pioneering it.
Middle market: Houlihan Lokey calls companies with under $20M of EBITDA the lower middle market and $20–100M the core. Capital Southwest lends down to $3M of EBITDA; Deerpath lends $25–150M per borrower.
How much private equity lenders charge: unitranche at SOFR + 450–550 bps
| Mar 2023 | 716 |
|---|---|
| End 2023 | 666 |
| End 2024 | 596 |
| End 2025 | 544 |
Source: McKinsey Global Private Markets Report 2026, via ABF Journal
How the price works: a margin over SOFR, the US base rate. S+500 means SOFR plus 5 percentage points, or 500 basis points (bps).
Upfront fee: lenders also lend at a small discount, the OID. In Houlihan Lokey's survey it runs from 98.0 to 99.5 cents per dollar.
Smaller companies pay more: unitranche below $20M of EBITDA costs S+500–550 bps, larger deals S+450–500 bps.
The trend: the median spread fell every year from 2023 to 2025, ABF Journal reports from McKinsey data, and best-in-class unitranche deals priced around 475 bps in mid-2025. Houlihan Lokey puts it down to fierce competition among direct lenders.
Biggest new direct lending funds of 2025 and 2026: Ares, Crestline and Crescent
Ares Management launched Ares Capital Europe VI in January 2025, recorded at about $18B. It is the largest lending fund of 2025–2026 among the 60 lenders here, about five times the next one.
Crestline Investors launched Crestline Direct Lending Fund IV in May 2025, recorded at $3.5B. In August 2026 it also closed its European Capital Solutions Fund II at $625M.
Monroe Capital launched Private Credit Fund V in January 2026, recorded at $2.8B. Its loans go to companies owned by private equity firms and independent sponsors.
Deerpath Capital launched Deerpath Fund VII in December 2025, recorded at $2B. It lends cash-flow senior debt to the lower middle market.
Stellus Capital Management in Houston launched Stellus Credit Fund IV in May 2026, recorded at $1.5B, for lower middle-market lending.
Star Mountain Capital closed its second SBIC fund at $286M in February 2026. An SBIC is licensed and partly financed by the US Small Business Administration.
CVI in Warsaw launched CVI Private Debt Fund II in May 2026, recorded at $270M. Tickets run from €2M to €25M across Central Europe.
ASK Alternates, backed by Blackstone, raised $52M for its second private credit fund in October 2026. It does senior secured lending in India.
Private equity lenders to know: unitranche and sponsor finance
| Lender | Headquarters | Cheque size | What it provides |
|---|---|---|---|
| New York | $100M+ | Known for pioneering unitranche; loans and multi-currency facilities to sponsor-backed companies | |
| Chicago | $100M+ | Senior secured loans, mezzanine and structured equity; lead lender in over 90% of its deals | |
| New York | $100M+ | First lien, unitranche, second lien and mezzanine for US middle-market PE firms | |
| New York | $100M+ | Senior secured debt up to $350M and junior debt up to $150M per company | |
| New York | $100M+ | Loans and equity-linked capital to PE-backed and non-sponsored companies | |
| New York | $10–50M | Leveraged loans, senior secured debt and mezzanine | |
| Chicago | $50–100M | Direct lending to companies of private equity and independent sponsors | |
| New York | $50–100M | Cash-flow senior debt for the lower middle market, $25–150M per borrower | |
| Houston | $10–50M | First lien, unitranche and senior loans to companies owned by PE funds | |
| McLean | $50–100M | Mostly unitranche facilities, working with private equity sponsors | |
| Dallas | $10–50M | Nasdaq-listed lender to businesses with $3–12M of EBITDA | |
| New York | $10–50M | First and second lien term loans, unitranche and mezzanine | |
| London | $100M+ | An early mover in European private credit; direct lending and capital solutions | |
| London | $100M+ | Direct lending and special opportunities across Europe | |
| London | $100M+ | Debt for buyouts, growth and add-on acquisitions in Europe | |
| London | $100M+ | Senior and subordinated debt and mid-market loans with blue-chip sponsors | |
| Leudelange | $50–100M | Private corporate lending to European companies | |
| Sydney | $10–50M | Leveraged and acquisition finance; one of Asia's largest specialist private debt investors |
All 60 private equity lenders by region
Every lender below has a profile in Private Equity List with its partners and investment team.
Middle market lenders in the United States
Twenty-four US lenders finance companies with roughly $20–100M of EBITDA and larger. Half of them are in New York; Antares and Monroe are in Chicago.
| Lender | City | Cheque size | What it lends |
|---|---|---|---|
| New York | $100M+ | Unitranche and other loans to sponsor-backed companies | |
| New York | $100M+ | First lien, unitranche, second lien and mezzanine for PE-backed companies | |
| Chicago | $100M+ | Senior secured loans, mezzanine and structured equity | |
| New York | $100M+ | Senior secured debt up to $350M, junior debt up to $150M | |
| Chicago | $50–100M | Direct lending to PE-owned and independent-sponsor companies | |
| Miami | $50–100M | Senior secured loans and subordinated debt | |
| Fort Worth | $10–50M | Senior debt to lower-middle and middle-market companies | |
| New York | $50–100M | Middle-market direct lending, bespoke credits | |
| Miami | $10–50M | Middle-market loans with operating support | |
| West Palm Beach | $10–50M | Direct lending and equity across the capital structure | |
| New York | $50–100M | Middle-market direct lending in the US and Canada | |
| New York | $100M+ | First lien and senior secured loans, incl. to independent sponsors | |
| Bethesda | $100M+ | Financial sponsors and leveraged finance, plus asset-based lending | |
| New York | $100M+ | Direct lending, structured and liquid credit | |
| New York | $50–100M | Senior secured direct lending, cash flow and asset-based | |
| New York | $50–100M | Middle-market credit | |
| New York | $50–100M | Private credit and special situations, middle market | |
| Los Angeles | $100M+ | Corporate credit, working with financial sponsors | |
| Los Angeles | — | Senior secured, directly originated loans | |
| New York | $100M+ | Loans to PE-backed and non-sponsored companies | |
| New York | $10–50M | Leveraged loans, senior secured debt and mezzanine | |
| San Francisco | $100M+ | Direct lending next to other credit strategies | |
| Boston | $10–50M | Private lending next to leveraged loans and bonds | |
| New York | $50–100M | Middle-market direct lending, CLOs and syndicated loans |
Lower middle market lenders in the United States
Ten US lenders focus on companies below about $20M of EBITDA. Here unitranche costs S+500–550 bps at 4.25–5.25x EBITDA, per Houlihan Lokey.
| Lender | City | Cheque size | What it lends |
|---|---|---|---|
| New York | $50–100M | Cash-flow senior debt, $25–150M per borrower | |
| San Francisco | $50–100M | Direct lending to the lower middle market | |
| New York | $10–50M | First and second lien, unitranche and mezzanine | |
| Dallas | $10–50M | Loans to businesses with $3–12M of EBITDA | |
| Houston | $10–50M | First lien and unitranche to PE-owned companies | |
| McLean | $50–100M | Mostly unitranche, lower middle market | |
| Houston | $10–50M | Private credit for the lower middle market | |
| New York | $100M+ | Senior and junior debt, lower middle market | |
| New York | $10–50M | Direct lending, incl. to independent sponsors | |
| Los Angeles | $5–10M | Senior, unitranche and mezzanine for small buyouts |
Large credit platforms in the United States
Six multi-strategy managers run large credit businesses next to their private equity funds. Ares Management leads on new money with Ares Capital Europe VI.
| Lender | City | Cheque size | What it lends |
|---|---|---|---|
| Los Angeles | $100M+ | Credit next to private equity, real estate and infrastructure | |
| New York | $100M+ | Credit next to private equity, real estate and infrastructure | |
| New York | $100M+ | From investment-grade credit to private equity | |
| New York | $100M+ | Credit and insurance next to private equity | |
| Los Angeles | $50–100M | Credit specialist, also private equity and real estate | |
| Washington | $50–100M | Credit next to private equity |
Private equity lenders in the United Kingdom
Nine lenders are based in London. Apera launched Private Debt Fund III and Park Square launched Partners V in 2025, recorded at $3.19B and $2.64B.
| Lender | City | Cheque size | What it lends |
|---|---|---|---|
| London | $100M+ | European direct lending and capital solutions | |
| London | $100M+ | Direct lending and special opportunities in Europe | |
| London | $100M+ | Mid-market debt for buyouts and add-ons in Europe | |
| London | $100M+ | Senior and subordinated debt, mid-market direct loans | |
| London | $50–100M | Senior debt for mid-market firms, DACH to Benelux | |
| London | $10–50M | Private debt to lower mid-market firms, €10–150M EV | |
| London | $50–100M | Private debt and structured capital | |
| London | $10–50M | Leveraged loans and corporate direct lending | |
| London | $5–10M | Private credit next to its buyout funds |
Private equity lenders in continental Europe
Six lenders work from Luxembourg, Copenhagen, Madrid, Warsaw and Paris. Capital Four launched Private Debt V in 2025, recorded at $3B.
| Lender | City | Cheque size | What it lends |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leudelange | $50–100M | Private corporate lending across Europe | |
| Copenhagen | $10–50M | Corporate private debt from the Nordics | |
| Luxembourg | $100M+ | Credit next to buyouts and secondaries | |
| Madrid | $10–50M | Direct lending and fund financing, €4–75M per company | |
| Warsaw | $10–50M | Senior, unitranche and mezzanine, €2–25M tickets | |
| Paris | — | Private debt through its Idinvest arm |
Private equity lenders in Canada, Australia and Asia
Five lenders cover Canada, Australia, India and the rest of Asia. Metrics Credit Partners says it has completed over A$23B of direct lending.
| Lender | City | Cheque size | What it lends |
|---|---|---|---|
| Laval | $10–50M | Senior secured loans for buyouts and acquisitions | |
| Toronto | $10–50M | Mid-market private credit | |
| Sydney | $10–50M | Leveraged and acquisition finance in Australia | |
| Mumbai | $100M+ | Senior secured private credit in India | |
| Hong Kong | — | Asian private credit, e.g. PAG Loan Fund V |
Unitranche vs first lien, second lien and mezzanine
| Loan | Repaid | Price, $20–100M EBITDA | Leverage up to | Who provides it |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First lien | First, secured on the assets | S+425–500 bps | 3.75–4.75x | Antares, Deerpath, Fiera Private Debt |
| Unitranche | One loan, senior and junior combined | S+450–525 bps | 5.25–6.25x | Golub, Churchill, Main Street, Gladstone |
| Second lien | After the first lien | S+650–750 bps | 5.25–6.25x | Brightwood, Churchill |
| Subordinated debt | After all secured debt | 12–14% all-in | 6.25–7.25x | Audax, HPS, CVI and other mezzanine lenders |
Source of prices and leverage: Houlihan Lokey, US Private Credit Market Newsletter, October 2025. Leverage is total debt to EBITDA.
Why sponsors pick unitranche: one lender group and one document mean a faster close. Gladstone Capital says it uses unitranche to speed up closing.
Where mezzanine fits: it sits behind all of these and often comes with warrants. See our guide to mezzanine lenders and funds.
How to find private equity lenders for a deal
Start with the lenders: the debt funds list holds the credit funds in Private Equity List. Lenders that also buy companies sit in the private equity list.
Match the borrower size: below $20M of EBITDA, start with Deerpath, Tree Line, Gladstone or Capital Southwest. For larger deals and unitranche lenders, Golub, Antares, Churchill, Blue Owl and HPS.
Check who just raised: a lender with a new fund has money to deploy. The new funds tracker lists each fund as it is announced.
Filter in search: in search, filter by type, country and cheque size, then open each profile for partners and investment staff.
Look beyond senior debt: the wider market is in our guide to private credit funds and firms. Startups borrowing without a sponsor should read venture debt lenders and funds.
Data and methodology
The lenders: 60 private equity lenders from the Private Equity List database, picked by reading each profile for lending to private equity-backed or middle-market companies: unitranche, first lien, senior secured loans or direct lending. Data as of 31 October 2026.
Headquarters and cheque sizes: as recorded in each firm's profile. Three lenders without a credible cheque size show a dash and are left out of the cheque-size chart.
Funds: fund names, launch dates and sizes come from the funds recorded in Private Equity List; closings with a news link come from our fund tracker.
Prices and spreads: taken from Houlihan Lokey and McKinsey, linked where they appear in the text.

